SELECT 
  cscart_categories.category_id, 
  cscart_categories.parent_id, 
  cscart_categories.id_path, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.category, 
  cscart_categories.position, 
  cscart_categories.status, 
  cscart_categories.company_id, 
  cscart_categories.company_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name as seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path as seo_path, 
  cscart_categories.ab__lc_catalog_image_control, 
  cscart_categories.ab__fn_category_status, 
  cscart_categories.ab__fn_label_color, 
  cscart_categories.ab__fn_label_background, 
  cscart_categories.ab__fn_use_origin_image, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.ab__fn_label_text, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.ab__fn_label_show 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_category_descriptions ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_category_descriptions.category_id 
  AND cscart_category_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru' 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_seo_names ON cscart_seo_names.object_id = cscart_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = 'c' 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND cscart_seo_names.company_id = cscart_categories.company_id 
WHERE 
  1 = 1 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A') 
  AND cscart_categories.parent_id IN (308) 
  AND cscart_categories.id_path LIKE '302/307/308/%' 
  AND cscart_categories.company_id = 1 
ORDER BY 
  cscart_categories.is_trash asc, 
  cscart_categories.position asc, 
  cscart_category_descriptions.category asc

Query time 0.00089

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "filesort": {
      "sort_key": "cscart_categories.is_trash, cscart_categories.position, cscart_category_descriptions.category",
      "temporary_table": {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_categories",
          "access_type": "ref",
          "possible_keys": ["c_status", "parent", "id_path"],
          "key": "parent",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["parent_id"],
          "ref": ["const"],
          "rowid_filter": {
            "range": {
              "key": "id_path",
              "used_key_parts": ["id_path"]
            },
            "rows": 16,
            "selectivity_pct": 6.374501992
          },
          "rows": 12,
          "filtered": 6.374502182,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_categories.company_id = 1 and (cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids)) and cscart_categories.`status` = 'A' and cscart_categories.id_path like '302/307/308/%'"
        },
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_category_descriptions",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "9",
          "used_key_parts": ["category_id", "lang_code"],
          "ref": ["noframes_kz_new.cscart_categories.category_id", "const"],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_category_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru')"
        },
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "dispatch"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "210",
          "used_key_parts": [
            "object_id",
            "type",
            "dispatch",
            "lang_code",
            "company_id"
          ],
          "ref": [
            "noframes_kz_new.cscart_categories.category_id",
            "const",
            "const",
            "const",
            "const"
          ],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_seo_names.`type` = 'c' and cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' and cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru')"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Result

category_id parent_id id_path category position status company_id seo_name seo_path ab__lc_catalog_image_control ab__fn_category_status ab__fn_label_color ab__fn_label_background ab__fn_use_origin_image ab__fn_label_text ab__fn_label_show
587 308 302/307/308/587 Kingsman 0 A 1 kingsman 302/307/308 none Y #ffffff #222222 N Y
581 308 302/307/308/581 Angora 1 A 1 angora 302/307/308 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
577 308 302/307/308/577 Bora-Bora 2 A 1 bora-bora 302/307/308 none N #ffffff #222222 N N
565 308 302/307/308/565 Borneo 3 A 1 borneo 302/307/308 none N #ffffff #222222 N N
341 308 302/307/308/341 Crush 4 A 1 mikrovelyur-crush 302/307/308 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
555 308 302/307/308/555 Fly 5 A 1 fly 302/307/308 none N #ffffff #222222 N N
337 308 302/307/308/337 Generation 6 A 1 mikrovelyur-generation 302/307/308 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
537 308 302/307/308/537 Mechta 7 A 1 mechta 302/307/308 none N #ffffff #222222 N N
561 308 302/307/308/561 Krasota 8 A 1 krasota 302/307/308 none N #ffffff #222222 N N
345 308 302/307/308/345 Романтика 10 A 1 mikrovelyur-romantika 302/307/308 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
343 308 302/307/308/343 Гравитация 11 A 1 mikrovelyur-gravitaciya 302/307/308 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
334 308 302/307/308/334 Фантазия 12 A 1 mikrovelyur-fantaziya 302/307/308 none Y #ffffff #333333 N Y
603 308 302/307/308/603 Oasis 40 A 1 oasis 302/307/308 none N #ffffff #222222 N N