SELECT 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id AS product_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name AS seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path AS seo_path 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id IN (
    2280, 1590, 2275, 2297, 2290, 1595, 2292, 
    2277, 2286, 2299, 2284, 2276
  ) 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = "p" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = "" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND (
    cscart_seo_names.company_id = 1 
    OR cscart_seo_names.company_id = 0
  )

Query time 0.00061

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "dispatch"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "210",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "object_id",
        "type",
        "dispatch",
        "lang_code",
        "company_id"
      ],
      "rows": 24,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_seo_names.object_id in (2280,1590,2275,2297,2290,1595,2292,2277,2286,2299,2284,2276) and cscart_seo_names.`type` = 'p' and cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' and cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru' and (cscart_seo_names.company_id = 1 or cscart_seo_names.company_id = 0)"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id seo_name seo_path
1590 magnifico-col.05 302/307/535/540
1595 magnifico-plain-col.05 302/307/535/540
2275 garmoniya-bukle-col.-07 302/307/535/560
2276 garmoniya-bukle-col.-08 302/307/535/560
2277 garmoniya-bukle-col.-09 302/307/535/560
2280 garmoniya-grafika-col.-02 302/307/535/560
2284 garmoniya-grafika-col.-06 302/307/535/560
2286 garmoniya-grafika-col.-08 302/307/535/560
2290 garmoniya-miks-col.-03 302/307/535/560
2292 garmoniya-miks-col.-05 302/307/535/560
2297 garmoniya-rogozhka-col.-03 302/307/535/560
2299 garmoniya-rogozhka-col.-05 302/307/535/560