SELECT 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id AS product_id, 
  cscart_seo_names.name AS seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path AS seo_path 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  cscart_seo_names.object_id IN (
    540, 542, 539, 548, 544, 541, 543, 538, 
    537, 557, 546, 554
  ) 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = "p" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = "" 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND (
    cscart_seo_names.company_id = 1 
    OR cscart_seo_names.company_id = 0
  )

Query time 0.00040

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "dispatch"],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "key_length": "210",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "object_id",
        "type",
        "dispatch",
        "lang_code",
        "company_id"
      ],
      "rows": 24,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_seo_names.object_id in (540,542,539,548,544,541,543,538,537,557,546,554) and cscart_seo_names.`type` = 'p' and cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' and cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru' and (cscart_seo_names.company_id = 1 or cscart_seo_names.company_id = 0)"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id seo_name seo_path
537 mikrovelyur-bezhevyy-fantaziya-col-07 302/307/308/334
538 mikrovelyur-bezhevyy-fantaziya-col-01 302/307/308/334
539 mikrovelyur-bezhevyy-fantaziya-col-02 302/307/308/334
540 mikrovelyur-seryy-fantaziya-col-08 302/307/308/334
541 mikrovelyur-korichnevyy-fantaziya-col-10 302/307/308/334
542 mikrovelyur-seryy-fantaziya-col-17 302/307/308/334
543 mikrovelyur-korichnevyy-fantaziya-col-05 302/307/308/334
544 mikrovelyur-chernyy-fantaziya-col-19 302/307/308/334
546 mikrovelyur-rozovyy-fantaziya-col-42 302/307/308/334
548 mikrovelyur-bordovyy-fantaziya-col-41 302/307/308/334
554 mikrovelyur-siniy-fantaziya-col-22 302/307/308/334
557 mikrovelyur-izumrudnyy-fantaziya-col-31 302/307/308/334