SELECT 
  cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions.variant, 
  cscart_product_feature_variants.variant_id, 
  cscart_product_feature_variants.feature_id, 
  cscart_product_features_values.variant_id as selected, 
  cscart_product_features.feature_type, 
  cscart_seo_names.name as seo_name, 
  cscart_seo_names.path as seo_path, 
  cscart_product_feature_variants.external_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_feature_variants 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions ON cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions.variant_id = cscart_product_feature_variants.variant_id 
  AND cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru' 
  INNER JOIN cscart_product_features_values ON cscart_product_features_values.variant_id = cscart_product_feature_variants.variant_id 
  AND cscart_product_features_values.lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND cscart_product_features_values.product_id = 1546 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_product_features ON cscart_product_features.feature_id = cscart_product_feature_variants.feature_id 
  LEFT JOIN cscart_seo_names ON cscart_seo_names.object_id = cscart_product_feature_variants.variant_id 
  AND cscart_seo_names.type = 'e' 
  AND cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' 
  AND cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND (
    cscart_seo_names.company_id = 1 
    OR cscart_seo_names.company_id = 0
  ) 
WHERE 
  1 
  AND cscart_product_feature_variants.feature_id IN (
    560, 565, 556, 566, 553, 554, 563, 549, 
    548
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_feature_variants.variant_id 
ORDER BY 
  cscart_product_feature_variants.position, 
  cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions.variant

Query time 0.00067

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "filesort": {
      "sort_key": "cscart_product_feature_variants.position, cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions.variant",
      "temporary_table": {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_features_values",
          "access_type": "ref",
          "possible_keys": [
            "variant_id",
            "lang_code",
            "product_id",
            "idx_product_feature_variant_id"
          ],
          "key": "idx_product_feature_variant_id",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
          "ref": ["const"],
          "rows": 20,
          "filtered": 56.14582825,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_product_features_values.product_id <=> 1546 and cscart_product_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'",
          "using_index": true
        },
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_feature_variants",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "feature_id"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["variant_id"],
          "ref": ["noframes_kz_new.cscart_product_features_values.variant_id"],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 33.88888931,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_product_feature_variants.feature_id in (560,565,556,566,553,554,563,549,548)"
        },
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_features",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["feature_id"],
          "ref": ["noframes_kz_new.cscart_product_feature_variants.feature_id"],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 100
        },
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "9",
          "used_key_parts": ["variant_id", "lang_code"],
          "ref": [
            "noframes_kz_new.cscart_product_features_values.variant_id",
            "const"
          ],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru')"
        },
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
          "access_type": "ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "dispatch"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "206",
          "used_key_parts": ["object_id", "type", "dispatch", "lang_code"],
          "ref": [
            "noframes_kz_new.cscart_product_features_values.variant_id",
            "const",
            "const",
            "const"
          ],
          "rows": 6,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "trigcond(cscart_seo_names.`type` = 'e' and cscart_seo_names.dispatch = '' and cscart_seo_names.lang_code = 'ru' and (cscart_seo_names.company_id = 1 or cscart_seo_names.company_id = 0))"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Result

variant variant_id feature_id selected feature_type seo_name seo_path external_id
160x230 1208 548 1208 S
6 1461 565 1461 S
6,8 1521 556 1521 N
820 000 1514 566 1514 S
Да 1253 560 1253 S
Машинное 1210 554 1210 S
Настройки цвето-передачи экрана индивидуальны и могут не отражать реальный оттенок товара!!! 1398 563 1398 S
Бельгия 1207 553 1207 S
Синий 1425 549 1425 S